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how to build a greenhouse

How to Build a Greenhouse

Building a greenhouse is a rewarding project that transforms your gardening experience by offering a controlled environment to grow plants year-round.

This guide breaks down how to build a greenhouse step by step, focusing on the tools and materials you'll need, the best location to set up, and tips for assembling a greenhouse using a kit.

We'll also explore the different types of greenhouses, how to choose the right one for your needs, and key factors like size, materials, and climate considerations. Whether you're a seasoned gardener or just starting out, this article will provide practical advice to make the process simple and enjoyable.

What this article covers:

How to Build a Greenhouse

Tools & Materials

Before diving in, gather these essentials:

Tools

  • Tape measure
  • Hammer and nails
  • Screwdriver or drill
  • Level
  • Utility knife
  • Ladder

Materials

  • Greenhouse kit (like this one)
  • Foundation material (gravel, concrete, or treated wood)
  • Screws and brackets
  • Greenhouse covering (polycarbonate panels or UV-resistant plastic)

Step 1: Choose The Perfect Location

Selecting the right location is one of the most important steps to ensure your greenhouse thrives. Based on our experience, it's essential to choose a spot with plenty of sunlight—at least six to eight hours a day. South-facing areas tend to capture the most sunlight, generally making them the best greenhouse direction.

Look for level ground to simplify installation and ensure proper structural stability. A well-drained area is also crucial to avoid standing water, which can cause foundation issues or make the interior muddy.

how to make a greenhouse


Lastly, consider proximity to water and electricity. Having a nearby water source makes irrigation simple, while access to electricity is important if you plan to use fans, heaters, or grow lights.

Step 2: Prepare The Foundation

A strong, stable foundation is the backbone of a well-functioning greenhouse. From what we've seen, your foundation choice will depend on your budget, kit, and climate.

  • Gravel: A budget-friendly option that provides excellent drainage. Spread a layer of landscape fabric to suppress weeds, then cover it with gravel for a durable base.
  • Concrete slab: This is the best option for long-term stability. It's particularly suitable for larger or permanent greenhouses in areas with extreme weather. Pour the slab slightly larger than your greenhouse footprint for extra support.
  • Wood frame: Ideal for small or portable greenhouses. Use treated lumber that resists rot and moisture. This foundation is easier to relocate if you decide to move your greenhouse.

No matter the foundation type, ensure it's level and secure to prevent issues during assembly. For more information, follow our tutorial on how to build a foundation for a greenhouse.

Step 3: Unpack And Organize Your Kit

Unpacking and organizing your kit before assembly can save you time and frustration later. From our experience, start by laying out all parts in an open area. Compare each piece to the inventory list provided in your kit.

Double-check the instructions for assembly order, as many kits, like the ones we offer, are designed to be built in a specific sequence for stability.

Keep tools handy and sort components by type, such as screws, brackets, and panels, so everything is easy to find when needed. This small preparation step ensures a smooth and stress-free building process.

Step 4: Assemble The Frame

Assembling the frame is where your greenhouse starts to take shape, and the process will vary depending on the type of kit you choose. Start by carefully reviewing the manufacturer's guidelines. Each kit may have unique instructions, and following them closely ensures your structure is safe and stable.

build a green house

Most kits, like the Riverstone Industries Monticello Greenhouse, feature lightweight aluminum frames. These are durable, rust-resistant, and easy to handle. Aluminum frames are particularly popular for their simple assembly and long-lasting performance, making them an excellent choice for many gardeners. 

If you're working with a wooden greenhouse kit, such as the Little Cottage Company Colonial Gable Greenhouse Shed Kit, the process is slightly different. Wooden kits are shipped as panelized sections, which makes assembly quicker and more manageable.

The panels are pre-cut and pre-drilled, reducing the need for advanced carpentry skills. Start by laying out all the sections and identifying their placement based on the instructions.

Wooden frames, while heavier than aluminum, offer a charming aesthetic and excellent insulation. Use pressure-treated wood for the base to protect against rot and moisture. Secure the panels one at a time, starting with the corners to create a sturdy structure.

Wooden kits often include pre-installed windows or doors in the panels, making the assembly process even easier.

No matter the material, use a level at every step to ensure the frame is even. This is particularly important for wooden structures to prevent warping or uneven joints.

Tighten screws or bolts securely, but avoid overtightening, especially with wood, to prevent splitting. By assembling carefully and methodically, you'll create a solid foundation for the rest of your greenhouse.

build a greenhouse

Step 5: Install The Panels Or Covering

Installing the panels or covering transforms the frame into an actual greenhouse. Depending on your kit, you may have polycarbonate panels, glass panes, or polyethylene sheets. Polycarbonate panels are popular for their durability and insulation properties, making them an excellent choice for year-round gardening.

Start with the sides of the greenhouse, securing panels with the screws, clips, or fasteners provided in the kit. Ensure each panel is flush with the frame to create a snug fit. If using glass panes, handle them carefully and wear gloves to avoid cuts.

Work methodically, completing one section at a time. For polyethylene sheets, use clips or ties to secure the covering tightly around the frame, ensuring there are no gaps where heat could escape.

Double-check your work as you go. Loose panels can rattle in the wind or let in pests, so make sure everything is securely fastened.

Step 6: Add Doors, Ventilation, And Accessories

Doors and ventilation systems are the finishing touches that make your greenhouse functional. Start by installing the door frame, ensuring it aligns properly with the main structure. Attach hinges or sliders as instructed in your kit, and check that the door opens and closes smoothly.

Ventilation is critical to prevent overheating and maintain airflow. Most kits come with roof vents or side vents that you can easily install.

If your kit doesn't include ventilation options, consider adding a small fan or a solar-powered vent for consistent air circulation. Proper airflow helps control humidity, reduces the risk of mold, and keeps plants healthy.

Finally, personalize the interior with accessories. Install sturdy shelves or hooks for organizing tools, pots, and plants. Add a thermometer or hygrometer to monitor temperature and humidity levels.

greenhouse building

From our experience, these small additions can make a big difference in the efficiency and usability of your greenhouse. Take your time during this step to ensure everything is positioned for easy access and convenience.

Want to take your greenhouse a step further? Be sure to check out our guides on how to build an aquaponics greenhouse and how to build a solar greenhouse.

Types of Greenhouses

Lean-To Greenhouse

Lean-to greenhouses are ideal for those with limited outdoor space or who prefer easy access. These greenhouses are built against an existing wall, typically the side of your house, garage, or shed. Their compact design makes them a great option for urban or small-space gardeners.

One of the major advantages of a lean-to greenhouse is its proximity to your home. It's convenient for running electricity or water directly from your house, saving time and effort. Plus, the existing wall provides insulation, which can help keep temperatures stable.

These greenhouses are perfect for growing herbs, salad greens, or flowers close to your kitchen or living area. However, they do require a south-facing wall for optimal sunlight and might be more limited in size compared to freestanding options.

Freestanding Greenhouse

Freestanding greenhouses are the classic option and a favorite among avid gardeners. These structures are independent buildings, allowing you to place them anywhere in your garden. From our experience, they are perfect for large gardens and offer maximum sunlight exposure since all sides are open to the sun.

They come in various sizes, from compact models to spacious designs that can house rows of plants and even seating areas. Freestanding greenhouses also give you flexibility with placement.

making a greenhouse

However, they do require a bit more space and may need a dedicated foundation like gravel or concrete for stability. This type is excellent for gardeners who want to grow a wide variety of plants year-round, including vegetables, flowers, and tropical plants.

Portable Greenhouse

Portable greenhouses are a lightweight and moveable solution for gardeners who value flexibility. These structures are typically made with frames of PVC or aluminum and covered with polyethylene or mesh materials.

From our research, they're especially useful for seasonal growers who need a temporary space to start seeds, protect plants from frost, or extend the growing season.

Their biggest benefit is mobility. You can set them up in the spring and take them down in the fall, or move them around your garden to follow the sunlight. Portable greenhouses are also budget-friendly and easy to assemble, making them great for beginners.

While they're not as durable as permanent structures, their affordability and convenience make them a practical choice for gardeners who need a versatile growing space.

How to Choose a Greenhouse

Choosing the perfect greenhouse involves more than just picking a design you like. There are several factors to consider to ensure it meets your needs, fits your space, and performs well in your climate. Let's break it down:

Size

When it comes to size, think about the number of plants you plan to grow and how much space you have. Bigger is better if you have room to accommodate it. Larger greenhouses provide more space for a variety of plants, better air circulation, and even room for storage or workspace.

If you're just starting out or working with limited space, smaller greenhouses are still a fantastic option. Remember, it's always a good idea to plan for future growth—your plant collection might grow faster than you think!

greenhouse build

Material

The material you choose impacts the durability, appearance, and insulation of your greenhouse. But, what is a greenhouse made of? Here's what we've found to be the most common options:

  • Polycarbonate: Lightweight, durable, and great for insulation. It's a popular choice for all-weather growing since it holds up well against wind, snow, and UV rays. Polycarbonate panels are also shatter-resistant, making them a safer alternative to glass.
  • Glass: Classic and elegant, glass greenhouses allow maximum light transmission. They're beautiful but can be fragile and expensive. Double-pane glass provides excellent insulation, especially in colder climates, but the weight of glass requires a sturdy frame and foundation.
  • Plastic Sheeting: Budget-friendly and easy to install, plastic sheeting is often used in portable greenhouses or for temporary setups. It's less durable than polycarbonate or glass and may need replacing after a few years, especially in harsh weather.

Climate

Your local climate plays a big role in choosing the right greenhouse. If you live in a colder area, opt for materials that provide good insulation, such as double-pane glass or thick polycarbonate panels.

Adding a heater or insulation to the foundation can also help protect plants during frosty winters. In warmer climates, ventilation is key. Look for models with roof vents, side vents, or built-in fans to prevent overheating and maintain proper airflow.

Conclusion

Building a greenhouse is an exciting and rewarding way to elevate your gardening experience, offering a controlled environment to grow plants year-round.

Whether you're assembling a lightweight portable greenhouse, a classic glass structure, or a charming wooden kit, the process can be simple and enjoyable with the right guidance.

Ready to start building? Explore our wide selection of premium greenhouse kits at Homestead Supplier and bring your gardening dreams to life!

If you want to learn more, why not check out these articles below:

Previous article What Is a Greenhouse Made of?
Next article Best American-Made Greenhouse

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